About Intensive Farming and Extensive Farming.

 Intensive Farming:

        Intensive farming is also known as Intensive agriculture. It is a type of agriculture technique of cultivation practicing with lot of labour and capital which is used to increase the  agricultural produce or yields. By using heavy pesticides and chemical fertilizers.

        For application of fertilizer, insecticide, fungicides, herbicides to grow crops we need large number of labours and capital. the most important we need is capital for maintenance of high efficiency machinery for cultivating, harvesting, irrigation equipment where required as well planting.

Techniques and Technologies:

1. Live Stock

    a. Pasture: Improvement in the soil and grass to increase in the per unit inputs in agricultural production of live stock system.

    b. Rotational grazing: It is the practice to feed on growing herbage live stock between land covered with grass. to increase the quality and quantity of forage growth.

    c. Concentrated animal feeding operations: It is a specific type which raises animals in large scale industrial agriculture. it is an intensive animal feeding in 1000 animal units are restricted area  for over 45 days or more during 12 months

    2. Crops

a. Seeds: The high yield varieties of seeds such as., Wheat, maize, Rice, Soybean, tomato which have growth of nitrogen aborning potential compared to other varieties.

b. Crop rotation: It is also called as crop sequencing which is prcticing the planting different crops by forming or following a logical order on the same plot.

c. Irrigation: To supply water to land with the help of artificial application during dry periods in the purpose of increase in agriculture production.

d. Weed control: It is absolutely necessary to agriculture to produce decrease in weeds, to improve production costs, and low product quality.

e. Terracing: It means growing crops in section of hilly areas which built into the slope.

     3. Aquaculture:

It is also called as aqua farming. It is the natural products cultivation such as fish,shellfish,algae, seaweed and other organism in all type of water environments. Types:

a. Marine

b. Freshwater

    4. Sustainability: 

    `In simple words Sustainability means meeting the need without any compromising the ability on future. As per intensive farming sustainability is developed to slow down the decline of agricultural land and to regenerate the health of soil. 

Challenges:

1) Population growth: 

        It is the main challenges for intensive farming due to high growth of population which will increase in the number of individual and always expected to keep growing. 

 Some History:

• 30,000 years ago a human who lives by hunting and collecting wild food fed 6 million people.
• 3000 years ago a human who lives simple stage of development fed 60 million people.
• 300 years ago the intensive agriculture technique fed 600 million people.
• And at last today with improvement in industrial agriculture human have attempted to fed 8 billion people

 

2) Other impacts

a. Environmental

b. Social

Characteristics:

(i) Smaller Farm Size

(ii) High Intensity of Labour Participation

(iii) High Productivity

(iv) Low Per Capita Output

(v) Emphasis on Cereal

(vi) Dependence on Climate

(vii) Dependence on Soil

(viii) Low Marketability

(ix) Emphasis on Multiple Cropping

(x) Emphasis on Manual/animal Force

(xi) Lack of Modern Technology

Forms of Intensive agriculture:

1. Non-industrial: In this form the agriculturalists uses the natural fertilizers like animal dung.

2. Industrial: In this form the agriculturalists uses the chemical fertilizers

Advantages:

1. High crop yield

2. Variety of food can be produced

3. It is more efficient

4. Affordable food prices

5. Helps in ensuring regulated farming

6. Sustainable supply of food

Disadvantages:

1. Poor living conditions and hygiene for livestock

2. Excessive use of agro-chemicals

3. Deforestation and alteration of the natural environment

4. Risks on human health

5. Higher risks of cancer and birth defects

6. The use of chemical hormones in food

7. Possibility of poor quality food products

8. Traditional farmers are unable to gain enough profits and less job creation opportunities.

Extensive Farming:

        Extensive farming is also know as Extensive agriculture. It is a agricultural economics which is opposed to intensive farming. Practicing technique by using of small amount of labour, fertilizers and capital in relation to area of land being framed. In this kind of farming crop yield will depends on the natural fertility of the soil, climate,terrain, availability of water. Here in extensive farming it requires less rainfall then the intensive farming so it is found in the mid latitude sections as well in desert continents.

It is commonly refers to sheep and cattle farming in areas with low agricultural productivity.

it also refers to large scale growing of barley,wheat and other grain crops.

Characteristics:

1) Larger farm size

2) High intensity of capital

3) Low intensity of labour

4) High per capita Production

5) Emphasis on mono-cropping’s

6) Commercial approach

7) Low production per unit of land

8) Dominance of single cereals

9) Huge surplus

10) Dominance of machine

Advantages:

1) Less labour per unit

2) more effectively over large of mechanization.

3) Efficiency of labour

4) Improved Animal Welfare

5) Low inputs

6) No Damage in environment and soil

7) High usage of machinery

Disadvantage:

1) Low crop yield

2) Limited land 

Forms of Extensive Framing

1) Modern Form: In this form the agriculturalists uses the high mechanized activity over huge areas

2) Traditional Form: These types of forms are found in developing countries. knowledge and tools like axe, hoe, stick 

 

Difference between Intensive farming and Extensive farming

Meaning:

Intensive farming: It is a type of agriculture technique of cultivation practicing with lot of labour and capital which is used to increase the  agricultural produce or yields.

Extensive farming: It is a agricultural economics which is opposed to intensive farming. Practicing technique by using of small amount of labour, fertilizers and capital in relation to area of land being framed.

Population: 

Intensive farming: It is practiced in highly populated region.

Extensive farming: It is practiced in average number of people live in per unit area.

Land Holding:

Intensive farming: Small and High Price(Expensive)

Extensive farming: Large and Low Price (Inexpensive)

Farmland:

Intensive farming: Nearby Market

Extensive farming: located remotely

Per hectare output:

Intensive farming: Large Scale

Extensive farming: Small Scale

Examples:

Intensive farming: Wheat (modern management techniques),Maize (mechanical harvesting),Soybean (genetic modification),Tomato (hydroponics)

Extensive farming:  Nomadic herding